Faculty

The IHRE faculty brings together professors from Wits, Bard and other colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad.  Given the multidisciplinary nature of the IHRE program, faculty typically represent a wide range of disciplines and perspectives.  The common thread is that all IHRE faculty are dedicated to human rights scholars and practitioners who are eager to foster student engagement in the issues through rigorous intellectual debate and demanding coursework.

In some cases, IHRE electives may co-taught by more than one lecturer/professor. As a result, students may receive two different perspectives in a particular class. At the same time, each lecturer/professor may have a different teaching style. Students who are flexible and open to the diversity of teaching contexts available in IHRE will grow both personally and intellectually.

Current and recent lecturers have included:

Emily Tendayi Achiume

Bio forthcoming

Wesahl Agherdien Domingo

Wesahl Agherdien Domingo completed her masters degree at Columbia University in 1999-2000 in terms of the Columbia/Wits Academic Fellowship program. Her lecturing research interests include Persons and Family Law. Succession, International law, Constitutional law, Human Rights and Islamic Law. She is an editor of the South African Journal on Human Rights.

Jacqui Ala

Dr. Ala has extensive research and teaching experience in the fields of development studies, international political economy, the international relations of health, and gender focusing specifically on Sub-Saharan Africa case studies. Dr. Ala’s current research interests lie in the ability of African states to meet the Millennium Development Goals on health and gender and the effectiveness of various initiatives at both local and international level designed to assist this process. She also writes on pedagogical issues relating to teaching IR from a Developing World perspective. Other research interests include IR post positivist theories as well as qualitative and quantitative research methods. Dr. Ala is a recipient of the 2001 Vice-Chancellors Teaching Award for teaching innovations in the Foundation Programme in International Relations which was designed to assist academically under-prepared students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Cathi Albertyn

Cathi Albertyn is a professor of law at the University of Witwatersrand. Professor Albertyn has a BA LLB from UCT and a Ph.D. from Cambridge. She trained as an attorney and practiced as a human rights lawyer from 1989 to 1992. She then joined the Centre for Applied Legal Studies to start the Gender Research Project. She is currently a commissioner at the Law Reform Commission. Cathi Albertyn is a constitutional lawyer with a particular specialization in equality, human rights and social justice, and the transformation of the legal profession and the judiciary.

Michael Allen

Michael H. Allen is Professor of Political Science at Bryn Mawr College. Allen’s teaching interests at Bryn Mawr center upon International Studies, with specialization in International Political Economy and International Law. His research and publications have focused upon the international political economy of African and Caribbean regions, as well as the challenges of governance at both national and multilateral institutional levels. An ongoing question in his research is that of the implications of an expanding global mode of production in manufactures, services and knowledge, for democracy at different levels and dimensions of articulation, from sub-national institutions, to national governments to regional and global markets and cognitive domains. Besides teaching and research, Allen has been active in college governance, particularly in Bryn Mawr’s Study Abroad program, and was a founding participant in the establishment of the International Human Rights Exchange, involving colleges and universities in the United States and Southern Africa. Beyond Bryn Mawr, Michael Allen is active in civic and charitable organizations, serving on several boards, including that of Edu-Tourism, a non-governmental organization focusing on Caribbean development.

Florian Nikolas Becker

Florian Becker has taught as an Assistant Professor of German at Bard College since 2005. He studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Magdalen College, Oxford, before earning his Ph.D. in German Literature at Princeton. Recent articles have appeared in Modern Drama and the Brecht Yearbook. He is currently completing a book on the playwrights Bertolt Brecht, Peter Weiss and Heiner Müller, How Theater Works: Realism as Critique in 20th-Century German Drama. 

Kerry Bystrom

Kerry Bystrom is Assistant Professor of English and member of the Foundations of Humanitarianism Program at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. She received her PhD (English Department, Princeton University) for a dissertation entitled”Orphans and Origins: Family, Memory and Nation in Argentina and South Africa.” Her research focuses on questions of memory, identity, democracy and activism in contemporary African and Latin American Literature, film and theatre. Dr. Bystrom received fellowships from the Social Science Research Council and the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies to support field research in Buenos Aires and Cape Town. While completing her doctoral dissertation, she also worked in a high school literacy program in Trenton, NJ and interned with a human rights newspaper in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.

Solomon Berhane

Bio forthcoming

Kennedy Chinyowa

Bio forthcoming

Thomas Cushman

Thomas Cushman is Professor of Sociology at Wellesley College. His areas of study include human rights, comparative sociology, genocide, and the sociology of culture. He is the author of numerous books and articles on topics ranging from cultural dissidence in Russia, to freedom of expression, to the wars in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Iraq. His most recent publications include A Matter of Principle: Humanitarian Arguments for War in Iraq, editor (University of California Press, 2005), Terror, Iraq and the Left: Christopher Hitchens and His Critics, edited with Simon Cottee (New York University Press, 2008), The Religious in Response to Mass Atrocity, edited with Thomas Brudholm (forthcoming in 2009 with Cambridge University Press); and the Routledge International Handbook of Human Rights (forthcoming).  He is the Founding editor of Human Rights Review, and the founding editor, former editor-in-chief and current editor-at-large of "The Journal of Human Rights."  He was an Associate at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University in 2002-2003, Siskind Visiting Professor of Sociology and Internet Studies at Brandeis University in 2002, Visiting Professor of Law at Birkbeck College, University of London in 2005, and is a Fellow of the Salzburg Seminar Academic Core Session on "International Law and Human Rights" chaired by Lloyd Cutler and Sir Richard Goldstone. He is a Faculty Associate of the Center for Cultural Sociology at Yale University and an Honorary Research Associate at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Professor Cushman was recently selected as the recipient of the Saint Michael's College Academic Hall of Fame Award, which is given to recognize those graduates whose scholarship has exemplified the academic, cultural, and civic scholarly goals of the College.

Olivia Custer

Olivia Custer received her B.A. from Harvard College and her doctoral degree from the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, where her thesis was supervised by Jacques Derrida. She has written and lectured extensively on Derrida, Immanuel Kant, and Michel Foucault. She has served as co-director of the International Symposium for Research in Phenomenology, Perugia, Italy, and Visiting Assistant Professor at Bard College.

David R. Davis

Bio forthcoming

Manisha Desai

Manisha Desai is the Director of Women's Studies and Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Connecticut.  She served as the President Elect of Sociologists for Women in Society in 2006, President in 2007, and Past-President in 2008.  In addition to academic positions at the University of Connecticut, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Manisha worked as the Senior Programme Specialist in the Gender Equity and Development Section of the Human Rights Division at UNESCO in Paris and served as the Sociologists for Women in Society's NGO representative to the United Nation's Economic and Social Council.  Her areas of research include transnational feminisms, gender and globalization, social movements, women and human rights, contemporary Indian society, and South Asian Americans.  She teaches women's studies core courses on research methods, the senior seminar, and feminisms as well as courses in her areas of expertise.

Dmitry Dubrovsky

Dmitry Dubrovsky is Associate Professor in the program of International Relations, Political Science, and Human Rights at Smolny College in St. Petersburg, Russia. An expert in human rights in contemporary Russia, he specializes in such topics as xenophobia, neo-Nazi, white supremacy, and other extremist groups. He is currently completing a Wilson Center Project with the title “Institution of Special Humanitarian Expert Examination in Russia: Struggle Against Discrimination or a Tool of Discrimination?”.  Since 1999, Dmitry Dubrovsky has taught in the educational program for regional ombudsmen of the Russian Federation, which is organized by the St. Petersburg Humanitarian and Political Center “Strategia.” From 2002 - 2003 he served as chief advisor to the project for the “Development of Interethnic Relations and Prophylactic Against Extremism in Russian Society” of the European Commission.

Kelly Gillespie

Kelly Gillespie earned her B.A. from the University of Cape Town and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Anthropology at the University of Chicago. She has taught at Chicago and the University of Stellenbosch on subjects ranging from African civilization and Marxism to prisons and sport. In 2008, she joined the Department of Anthropology at the University of the Witwatersrand, after a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Pretoria.

Michal Givoni

Michal Givoni completed her PhD studies at the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas at Tel Aviv University. Her work deals with  transnational humanitarianism, contemporary practices of witnessing and testimony and governmentality in emergencies. She is a researcher at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute where she is currently involved in launching an international, comparative research project on "zones of emergency". Previously, Givoni was a co-director of a research project on the Israeli occupation in the Palestinian territories, and one of the editors of a volume on the subject entitled "The Power of Inclusive Exclusion: Anatomy of Israeli Rule in the Palestinian Territories" (Zone Books, forthcoming). Her own contribution to the book consisted of a documentary project on the occupation's "paper trail". Givoni teaches political theory at Ben-Gurion University. In 2008-9 she will be post-doctoral fellow at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Tel Aviv University.

Benita de Robillard

Bio forthcoming

Pumla Dineo Gqola

Pumla is a graduate of the Universities of Cape Town, Warwick and Munich. She holds a PhD in Postcolonial Studies with a thesis on South Africa's collective memory and has published widely on topics in African literature, slavery, contemporary South African public culture, African sexualities and feminist/womanist epistemology. Previously a senior lecturer in English at the University of the Free State, and a chief research specialist in society, culture and identity at the Human Sciences Research Council, she is now the OpenSpeak Focus Area Leader at the Meraka Institute in Pretoria and an Extraordinary Associate Professor at the University of the Western Cape.

Daryl Glaser

Daryl Glaser is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Studies, University of the Witwatersrand. He has published in diverse areas including democratic theory, analytic political philosophy and South African political economy. In recent years he has published normative-theoretical discussions of aspects of nationalism (Zionist, African and labourist), Marxism and humanitarian interventionism, always examining these within a ‘liberal-egalitarian’ (or liberal socialist) normative framework. He has published Politics and Society in South Africa: A Critical Introduction (Sage 2001), edited Mbeki and After: Reflections on the Legacy of Thabo Mbeki (Wits University Press, forthcoming) and co-edited Twentieth Century Marxism: A Global Introduction (Routledge 2007). He has also published in a range of international and local journals.

Shireen Hassim

Bio forthcoming

David Hornsby

Bio forthcoming

Peter Hudson

Bio forthcoming

Augustine Hungwe

Bio forthcoming

Lynelle John

Lynelle John holds a Masters degree in Political Science from the University of KwaZulu Natal.  She has a strong interest in decentralisation and public sector reform, and has now amassed 15 years of experience in public policy and development practice.  Lynelle has been an active part of the process of creating democratic local government in South Africa since 1994, and has been privileged to participate in all the major transformation processes within that sector since then.  Her early work included contributions to parliamentary policy debates on the emerging local government system in post-conflict South Africa, as well as to Chapter 7 of the South African Constitution.

Ayesha Kajee

Previously Program Head for Democracy and Political Party Systems at the South African Institute of International Affairs, Ayesha is the former IHRE program director and previously taught the Engagement in Human Rights course. She has been an educator in both secondary and tertiary spheres, working in South Africa, U.S., and Britain. Her research interests include human rights, education, gender, entrepreneurship, eco tourism, and politics. Recent publications include a book chapter on “The Regional and International Dimensions of the Crisis in Darfur” published in March 2007 in Peace in the Balance: The Crisis in Sudan, by the Institute of Justice and Reconciliation (IJR).

Alaa Kaoud

Alaa is a Doctoral of Juridical Science candidate at Emory Law School.  He received his law degree from Mansourah University, Egypt and his Masters of Laws from the University of Notre Dame. He has worked for the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, Human Rights Watch’s East and North Africa division, the Human Rights Center of the University of Minnesota Law School, the International Center for Transitional Justice and United Nation mission in Sudan. His publications include: Azhar Educational Precepts: Between Development and Rigidity; Human Rights under Totalitarian Regimes: The Case of Sudan, 1989-94, International Women's Rights Bill and Toward Working for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Aurelia Kazadi Wa Kabwe-Segatti

Aurelia Wa Kabwe-Segatti holds a PhD in Political Science and an MA in African Studies majoring (political science) from the Centre of African Studies (CEAN – Bordeaux). Her thesis was devoted to the transformation of South African immigration policy in the post-apartheid period.  Her research interests are public policy, immigration policy analysis, regional policy coherence and local migration dynamics.  Research Director of the French Institute in South Africa between 2004 and 2008, she was then appointed Senior Research Fellow with the Institute of Research for Development in September 2008.  Based at the Forced Migration Studies Research Programme, she currently coordinates jointly with Loren Landau a two-year research programme on Mobility and the Governance of Urban Space: Policy Formation and Social Reconfiguration in African Cities.

Jonathan Klaaren

Professor Jonathan Klaaren is the former Director of the Mandela Institute (mid-2005 to end-2007) and the former co-Director of the School of Law's Winter Law School (2007-2009), conducted with Seattle University School of Law.  Klaaren has served on numerous university committees and currently serves on the Immigration Advisory Board of the Department of Home Affairs.  Klaaren co-authored two books on South African administrative and access to information law and co-edited two books on SA refugee law.  He organized the Law and Society Association Summer Institute, 2006. He was a founding member of WISER, 2001-2002 and received University of the Witwatersrand Young Researcher's Award (Friedel Schellschop Award) in 1998. Klaaren has served as Law Clerk to US Judge A Leon Higginbotham, Jr 1991-1992 and as an intern at the Legal Resources Centre, Cape Town, 1989.   His research interests are in four broad areas and include international and comparative public law and human rights, citizenship and migration law, transnational regulation (including trade and investment law), and socio-legal studies (including legal history and the legal profession).

Peace Kiguwa

Peace Kiguwa lectures in gender studies and social and critical social psychology in the School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology at the University of the Witwatersrand. She is co-editor on Critical Psychology and The Gender of Psychology and the forthcoming Gender and Migration: International Perspectives as well as Identity in South Africa: Contradictions and Complexities. Her research interests include critical race theories, asymmetrical social relations, critical psychology, gender and sexuality and teaching and learning. She was Research Fellow on the South African Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD) and recently served two years on the executive committee of the Division for Research and Methodology (DRM) Psychology Society of South Africa (PsySSA). She is current associate editor on the accredited journal Psychology in Society (PINS) and more recently New Voices in Psychology. She is currently working on her doctoral study in Psychology at the University of the Witwatersrand titled Performing ‘race’: what price cultural capital? Black students negotiating identity at a historically white institution.

Sandy Koll

Sandy Koll currently runs tutorials, consults with students and marks papers at the University of Witwatersrand in the Philosophy Department.  Ms. Koll has had a number of jobs ranging from waitressing to working at Amazon.  Ms. Koll recently completed her Master of Arts in Philosophy at the University of Witwatersrand.  She has also received the Postgraduate Merit Award for MA and the Postgraduate Merit Award for Honors. 

Peter Krapp

Peter Krapp teaches media history at the University of California, Irvine, where he is a member of the departments of Film & Media Studies, English, and Informatics, and contributes to the doctoral program in Visual Studies.  He is the author of Noisy Channels: Digital Humanities (2011), and Déjà Vu: Aberrations of Cultural Memory (2004), and a co-editor of Medium Cool (2002).  His current research interests include secret communications; the history & theory of gadgets, games and simulations; and representations of north and south pole regions.

Loren Landau

Loren B. Landau (Prof.) is the Director of the Forced Migration Studies Programme (FMSP) at Wits University in Johannesburg, South Africa. With a background in political science and development studies, his work focuses on human mobility, development, and sovereignty.

Timothy Longman

Timothy Longman is associate professor of political science and African Studies at Vassar College, where he has taught since 1996. From 2001-2005, he also served as a research fellow for the Human Rights Center at the University California, Berkeley, directing research on social reconstruction and reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda. He has served as a consultant in Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo for USAID and the State Department. The International Centre for Transitional Justice, and Human Rights Watch, for whom he served as a director of the Rwanda field office 1995-1996. His current research looks at social reconstruction in the aftermath of violence, focusing on issues of justice, memory, identity in post-genocide Rwanda. He has also conducted research in Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa and is working on a major project looking comparatively at church-state relations throughout East and Central Africa. He has published numerous articles, book chapters and reports, and his book Commanded by the Devil: Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda is forthcoming form Cambridge University Press.

Stacey Meadow

Bio forthcoming

Grace Meadows

Bio forthcoming

Sheila Meintjies

Sheila Meintjies has lectured in Political Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa since 1989. She has a BA. Honours from Rhodes University, an MA in African Studies from the University of Sussex and a Ph.D. in African History form the School of Oriental and African Studies at London University. She teaches African politics, political theory and feminist theory and politics. Her special interests are gender violence, post-conflict transformation and gender politics in South Africa. She was a full-time Commissioner in the Commission on Gender Equality between May 2001 and March 2004 where she led the Commission’s governance program and was responsible for the Commission in Gauteng Province. In addition, Prof Meintjies has been involved in feminist and Advocacy Centre against Violence against Women and of Women’s Net, both NGOs that foster gender equality in different ways. Prof Meintjies has published widely on the politics of gender, gender violence, including three co-edited books: The Aftermath: women in post-conflict transformation published by Zed Press (2002); One Woman, One Vote: the gender politics of Africa: The Southern Volume published by the Feminist Press and the University of the Witwatersrand Press (2003)

Jyoti Mistry

Jyoti Mistry is Associate Professor in the Wits School of the Arts, where she heads the Television Program. She earned her B.A. at Wits and holds M.A.and Ph.D. degrees in Cinema Studies from New York University. Her extensive filmography includes, most recently, Kgafela oa Magogodi’s I mike what I like and We Remember Differently, an experimental narrative short that draws on 8mm archival footage to recontextualize memory and testimony.

Thabisani Ndlovu

Thabisani Ndlovu works at the University of Witwatersrand as a writing consultant in the Wits Writing Centre, a tutor for undergraduate students, and is reading for a PhD in African Literature in English.  Ndlovu was a part-time lecturer at the Zimbabwe Open University in African Literature and English Communication Skills.  Ndlovu has worked on a number of projects including Language Complaints on the Pan South African Language Board.  Ndlovu also edited The Prunitan, The Falcon and for “’amaBooks Publishers.”  Ndlovu has received a number of awards and honors including the University of Zimbabwe and Mary George Memorial Book Prizes for academic excellence, the Postgraduate Merit Award, and the Harold and Doris Tothill Scholarship.

Sibusiso Ntshangase

Bio forthcoming  

Yoon Jung Park

Dr. Yoon Jung Park is currently a freelance researcher and the convener/coordinator of the Chinese in Africa/Africans in China (CA/AC) International Research Working Group. She is the author of “A Matter of Honour. Being Chinese in South Africa” (Jacana, September 2008 and Lexington Books, April 2009), based on her PhD research on constructions of Chinese South African identities, and numerous other articles and book chapters.  Her current research interests include Chinese in southern Africa (and perceptions of Chinese by local communities); migration; race, ethnicity and identity; race, class and power dynamics; and xenophobia. In her previous lives, she did work on gender and gender-based violence in the US and South Africa; consulted on rural community development projects; and worked in arts & culture with the Smithsonian Institution. In keeping with her inter-disciplinarity, Dr. Park has a PhD the University of the Witwatersrand in Sociology, an MA in International Relations with an emphasis on comparative and development politics and Latin America (The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Boston, MA), and a BA in Sociology and Women’s Studies (Pitzer College, Claremont, CA). Dr. Park is a Korean American who recently moved back to the US after over 15 years in Africa (Johannesburg and Nairobi); she is married and the mother of an 8-year-old daughter.

Tanya Sakota-Kokot

Bio forthcoming

Jesse Shipley

Jesse Shipley is an Assistant Professor of Africa and African Diaspora Studies and Anthropology at Bard College.  He received his B. A. from Brown University; and his M.A., Ph.D., Socio-Cultural Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 2003. His areas of interest include: Ghana and the African Diaspora; global racial politics and race; British colonialism, postcolonial states, and national citizenship; mass media, popular culture and performance. Awards: Fulbright-IIE Dissertation Grant, Accra, Ghana (1998–99); Wenner-Gren Foundation Grant for Dissertation Research (1998–2000) Accra, Ghana; Residential Predoctoral Fellowship, Carter G. Woodson Institute for African American and African Studies, University of Virginia (2001–03). Publications include: "From Visuality to Postcolonial African Politics: An Interview with Mohamed Saidou N'Daou."  In Public Culture 2004; "'The Best Tradition Goes On': Popular Theater and Televised Soap in Neoliberal Ghana" (in Neoliberalism and Social Reproduction in Africa; University of Chicago Press, forthcoming); Coauthor, "African/Diaspora History: W. E. B. DuBois and Pan-Africanism in Ghana" (in Ghana in Africa and the World: Essays in honor of Adu Boahen (Africa World Press, 2003);  (Bard 2003-2008, Haverford 2008-   )

Matiangai Sirleaf

Matiangai Sirleaf received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 2008.  In 2004, she received a Fulbright Fellowship to Ghana, where she conducted research on transitional justice issues and attained her Masters in International Affairs from the University of Ghana Legon Centre for International Affairs. Prior to this, Matiangai graduated from New York University with a B.A. in Political Science. Most of her academic research and work experience has been in the field of transitional justice. Matiangai published Regional Approach to Transitional Justice? Examining the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Liberia in 21 Fl. J. Int’l L. 209 (2009). She finished a yearlong clerkship at the Constitutional Court of South Africa for Chief Justice Sandile Ngcobo in July 2010, prior to beginning lecturing for IHRE.

Linda Smith

Linda Smith is a lecturer in Social Work at the University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg. She holds a BA in Social Work (Stellenbosch University), a M.Soc.Sc in Social Work (Rhodes University) and a B.Soc.Sc (Honours) in Psychology (UNISA). She co-ordinates the fourth year social work programme and her teachings includes critical social work and anti-oppressive practice. She supervises fourth year and master’s level research. Her current PhD research is in the area of South African social work education and whether it meets critical imperatives for social change. She is a registered social worker with a background in child and family care and community development.

Shatema Threadcraft

Bio forthcoming

Jed Tucker

Jed Tucker was awarded a prestigious policy/research fellowship at Columbia University under the the Teacher's College.  In studying "International and Transcultural Studies," Jed researched the "Impact of Participation in a Prison College Program on Student-Inmates' Social Networks and Rates of Recidivism."  As a teacher in a maximum-security prison in Ulster, New York, Tucker observed positive transformations of prisoners who received college-level education. He studied precisely how continuing education impacts recidivism and creates stronger social capital for the prisoner, both in the institution and among family and friends.  His research includes interviews, personal written narratives and analysis of prison social context.

Shahid Vawda

Shahid Vawda is Professor and Head of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Witwatersrand (B.A., UDW; M.A., Queens University, Belfast; Ph.D., UKZN).  Shahid's current research and teaching interests are: modernity and democracy; migration and globalisation; development; human rights and socio-cultural and economic conditions, including policy and ethics; heritage and memory. Professor Vawda has conducted research in South Africa and Cameroon, taught at the tertiary level in South Africa, USA and Cameroon and published many articles on the above themes in local and international journals and books.

Eric Worby

Eric Worby is the head of the School of Social Sciences at Witwatersrand.  His interests are extremely varied but include public culture; politics, sovereignty and the state; colonial and postcolonial development; agrarian transformation; race, ethnicity and nationalism; HIV/AIDS and sexuality; and art and material culture.  He enjoys soccer in his spare time, as well as researching south Asia.

Natalie Zähringer

Natalie Zähringer pursued her undergraduate degree at Wits University with majors in Law. Economics and International Relations. She subsequently completed her MA with a thesis entitled Power-Politics in the European Monetary Union” Currently an academic at the Department of International Relations at Wits, she has over the past years extensively taught both undergraduate and postgraduate  courses on a variety of topics ranging from International  Political Economy, The European Union and Public International Law. Her present research interest includes the application and enforcement of International Law” EU institutionalization and European nationalism and identity” and she is in the process of working towards her PhD with proposed title: A Comparison of ethnic nationalism versus social nationalism in the European Union and their respective impact on the evolution of European integration”.